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After reading Chapter 12, you should be able to:

1. Identify common "myths" that surround the bureaucracy and either justify or refute them.
2. Determine if the permanent bureaucracy is broadly representative of the American people.
3. Trace the development of the American bureaucracy from the spoils system" to the "merit system."
4. Explain the two basic procedures through which most federal bureaucrats obtain their jobs.
5. Identify and describe several theories of the functions and organization of bureaucracies.
6. Describe the functions of the four basic types of federal agencies: cabinet departments, regulatory agencies, government corporations, and independent executive agencies.
7. Analyze the "capture" theory of regulation.
8. Understand what the textbook means when it says that bureaucracies are essentially implementors of policy.
9. Identify common causes of why implementation of policy can break down.
10. Determine the importance of administrative routine and administrative discretion.
11. Examine the conditions that are necessary for policy implementation to be effective.
12. Contrast command-and-control policy of government regulation with an incentive system of regulation.
13. Evaluate the effects that the movement toward deregulation has on the American economy.
14. Determine how presidents try to control the bureaucracy and how Congress tries to control the bureaucracy.
15. Investigate the importance of iron triangles and issue networks.
16. Determine the relationship between democratic theory and the operations of bureaucracies.

Chief,
I acknowledge that I have reviewed the above Learning Objectives for Chapter 12, "The Bureaucracy."