In his farewell address, President (1)
warned
against "the baneful effects of the spirit of party."
The (2) Party,
organized by Alexander Hamilton, was the first national political strong
party in the United States; it stood for a central
government.
Thomas Jefferson built a rival coalition that
became known as the (3) -;
it was primarily an party of small
farmers, debtors, southern planters, and frontiersmen.
James Monroe's election as president in 1816 launched
the brief Era of (4) ,
in which there was little partisan activity.
The election in 1828 of (5) ,
the hero of the War of 1812, opened a new era of two-party rivalry.
The (6) ,
led by Henry Clay, William Henry Harrison, and Daniel Webster, were a coalition
of bankers, merchants, and southern planters that competed with the Democrats
and won two presidential elections between 1840 and 1854.
The Republican Party was born in 1854 as a party
of protest against the extension of (7)
into the territories.
In 1896 the spirit of (8) captured
the Democratic Party, as William Jennings Bryan ran for president on a
"free silver" platform.
In the early 1900s, the Republican Party's conservative
wing became alarmed by the attempt of (9) to
move the party in a more progressive direction.
In 1912 the split in the Republican Party resulted
in victory for (10) ,
the Democratic presidential nominee.
In the 1930s, (11) put
together a grand Democratic coalition composed of the South, the big cities
of the North, labor, immigrants, blacks, and other minority groups.
In 1964 (12) ,
a conservative from Arizona, captured control of the Republican Party from
its long-dominant and more liberal eastern, internationalist wing.
But in November, 1964, Democrat Lyndon Johnson,
who had succeeded to the presidency after Kennedy's death, was elected
in his own right with the (13) share
of the popular vote in history.
In 1968 the Republican Party regrouped around
(14) ,
who triumphed over a divided Democratic Party and restored the Republicans
to power.
In 1976, starting from a very modest political
base as the former governor of Georgia, (15) succeeded
in reunifying the Democratic Party and went on to win the White House.
In 1980 the Republican Party surged back into
power, capturing the White House under Ronald Reagan and gaining control
of the (16) for the first time
in more than quarter of a century.
The election in 1992 of a Democratic president,
(17) ,
brought to a close twelve years of Republican control of the White House.
Two years later, the (18) Party
captured both houses of Congress.
